18
Jan 1919
Paris Peace Conference begins.
14
Apr 1919
Reparations provisionally set at £5.4 billion
21
Jun 1919
Germans scuttle their fleet, at Scapa Flow, rather than hand it over to
the Allies.
28
Jun 1919
Treaty of Versailles signed (reparations set at £1 billion).
12
Sep 1919
Gabriele d’Annunzio and an Italian army seize Fiume, against the
Treaty,
19
Nov 1919
US Senate refuses to join the League of Nations.
16
Jan 1920
First meeting of the League of Nations.
5
Feb 1920
The German government refuses to hand over 890 alleged ‘war
criminals’.
19
Feb 1920
US Senate refuses to sign the
Treaty of Versailles.
17
Mar 1920
Kapp Putsch (rebellion) in Germany, against the peace treaty, fails.
6
Apr 1920
French troops invade Ruhr in Germany (until 17 May 1920) after the
German government had sent troops into the Rhineland to stop rioting.
25
April 1920
Poland invades Russia and
Lithuania and takes land east of the ‘Curzon line’ agreed in the Treaty of
Versailles.
25
April 1920
The League of Nations suggests reparations of £4.5 billion.
22
Jun 1920
The League of Nations suggests reparations of £12.5 billion.
28
Jul 1920
The Allies bully Poland into accepting Czech occupation of Teschen.
28
Jan 1921
The League of Nations suggests reparations of £10 billion.
8
Mar 1921
French, British and Belgian troops invade the Ruhr in Germany (until
30 Sep 1921) to force Germany to pay reparations.
27
April 1921
Reparations finally fixed at £6.6 billion, to be paid in
instalments until 1984.
11
May 1921
Germany agrees to pay reparations.
11
Jul 1921
The ‘Big Three’ agree to hold a disarmament conference.
15
May 1922
Upper Silesia, which had voted in a plebiscite to be German, is
partitioned and given to Poland after an investigation by the League of Nations.
26
Jul 1922
An economic crisis in Germany (until 1924). Britain and France agree to a
6 months delay in reparations payments.
11
Jan 1923
French and Belgian troops, against
US and Britain’s advice, invade the Ruhr in Germany (until Nov 1924) to
force Germany to pay reparations.
21
Jan 1923
The German miners go on strike against the French invasion, which deepens
the economic crisis in Germany.
21
Oct 1923
Bavaria and Rhineland declare independence from Germany (Germany is
falling apart).
8–9
Nov 1923
Hitler’s Munich Putsch fails.
9
Apr 1924
The Dawes Plan gives Germany longer to pay reparations, and grants
huge loans to get the German economy going.
2
Dec 1924
Trade Treaty between Britain and Germany.
16
Oct 1925
Locarno Pact: peace agreement between Fr., Br., Belgium, Italy &
Germany.
30
Jan 1926
British troops leave the Rhineland.
5
Aug 1926
France and Germany sign a trade agreement.
8
Sep 1926
Germany admitted to the League of Nations.
16
Sep 1927
German President Hindenburg denies German War Guilt; nothing is done.
27
Aug 1928
Kellogg-Briand Pact: 65 nations (inc. Fr/Br/USA/Ger) promise to
abolish war.
7
Jun 1929
The Young Plan reduces reparations.
24
Oct 1929
Wall Street Crash; USA recalls all loans, causing an economic crisis in
Europe.
30
Jun 1930
Last Allied troops leave the Rhineland.
13
Jul 1931
German economic crisis – all banks have to close (until 5 Aug 1931).
USA, France and Britain give Germany a huge loan.
9
Jul 1932
Lausanne Agreement: USA, France and Britain agree to suspend all
reparations payments indefinitely.