Balkan Wars, 1912-13

a. Key events

    •  Balkan countries attacked Turkey (Ottoman Empire).

    •  Serbia gained land and power.

    •  Bulgaria fought its former allies in 2nd war.

    •  Austria stopped Serbia getting a coastline.

    •  Tensions rose between Austria and Serbia.

   

b. What issues were involved

    •  Collapse of Ottoman Empire in Europe.

    •  Serbia trying to lead the Balkans.

    •  Austria feared strong Serbia.

    •  Russia supported Serbia.

    •  Ethnic rivalry and nationalism.

   

c. How it became an international crisis

    •  Serbia grew stronger and bolder.

    •  Austria saw Serbia as a threat.

    •  Russia and Austria took opposite sides.

    •  Germany backed Austria.

    •  Alliances hardened, war seemed closer.