 |
When
was the Kiel mutiny which precipitated Germany’s defeat in World War I?
 |
October
1918 |
|
|
When
and where was the Weimar Republic declared?
|
Weimar,
in Germany |
|
|
Who
became President of the Weimar Republic in 1919?
|
Freidrich Ebert |
|
|
List
FIVE differences in the Constitution, 1914 versus 1919.
|
Elected
president not hereditary Kaiser |
|
Chancellor
responsible to the Reichstag, not to the Kaiser |
|
Reichstag
made laws and controlled the government (not the Kaiser) |
|
Proportional
representation (before only males over 25 could vote) |
|
Bill
of Rights |
|
|
What
was the Reichstag?
|
German
Parliament
|
|
|
What
did the Weimar’s Bill of Rights promise?
|
Equality
before the law, and political and religious freedom
|
|
|
Name
FIVE problems the Weimar government faced, 1919-1923
|
Ineffective
Constitution |
|
Left-wing
rebellions |
|
Right-wing
rebellions |
|
Invasion
and hyperinflation of 1923 |
|
Munich
Putsch
|
|
|
Which
article of the Constitution gave emergency powers to the President?
|
Article
48
|
|
|
What
is ‘proportional voting’ and how did it damage the Weimar Republic?
|
parties
got Reichstag seats, not by winning constituencies, but in proportion to
the number of votes they got nation-wide
|
|
|
Who
was leader of the army in the 1920s, and how did he damage the Republic?
|
von
Seeckt - he was right-wing and did not put down right-wing rebellions
|
|
|
Who
led the Spartacist Revolt in 1919?
|
Rosa
Luxemburg and Karl Leibknecht
|
|
|
Where
did a Communist ‘People’s Government’ come to power in 1919?
|
Bavaria
|
|
|
What
Communist group rebelled in the Ruhr in 1920?
|
Red
Army - a paramilitary group
|
|
|
Who
led a Freikorps brigade to rebel against the Versailles Treaty, March 1920?
|
Dr
Wolfgang Kapp
|
|
|
Which
SPD foreign minister was assassinated in 1922, and why?
|
Walter
Rathenau - becase he made a treaty with Communist Russia
|
|
|
Why
did many right-wing troublemakers get away with their crimes?
|
Because
right-wing judges sympathised with their cause
|
|
|
Where
did the French invade in January 1923?
|
The
Ruhr
|
|
|
What
was ‘hyperinflation’, and what caused it?
|
Runaway
rising prices. It was caused by the government printing
money to pay striking workers, who had gone on strike to oppose the
French invasion
|
|
|
What
did Bruno Buchrucker do?
|
led
the Black Reichswehr rebellion in Berlin, October 1923
|
|
|
Who
founded the Nazi party?
|
Anton
Drexler
|
|
|
Which
FOUR groups of people did Hitler blame for Germany’s problems?
|
the
Allies who enforced the Versailles Treaty |
|
The
November Criminals who signed it |
|
The
Communists |
|
the
Jews (who he said were behind it all)
|
|
|
Give SEVEN causes of the Weimar government’s problems
|
Communists
wanted world revolution/hated the new government |
|
Right-wing
politicians hated the Versailles Treaty and wanted the Kaiser back |
|
Officials
were disloyal and hated the government |
|
Army
led by General von Seeckt was unreliable |
|
Proportional
representation prevented one party getting a majority |
|
Occupation
of the Ruhr humiliated the Gernans and led to hyperinflation |
|
Printing
money to pay strikers.
|
|
|
How
many of the 25-points of the programme of the Nazi Party can you remember?
|
Unity
of all German-speaking peoples |
|
Abolition
of the Treaty of Versailles |
|
Conquer
land to feed Germany’s population |
|
Only
Germans (not Jews) can be citizens |
|
Special
laws for non-Germans |
|
Only
Germans can vote, be employed or hold public office |
|
Expel
foreigners to give all Germans job and a decent standard of living |
|
Foreigners
who have come to Germany since 1914 must be expelled |
|
All
citizens have equal rights and duties |
|
The
first duty of a citizen is to work |
|
No
payments to unemployed people |
|
War-profiteers
give back the money they made |
|
Nationalisation
of industries |
|
Large
companies must share their profits |
|
Pensions
must be improved |
|
Help
for small shops and businesses |
|
Give
small farmers their land |
|
Punish
criminals by death |
|
Reform
of the law to make it more ‘German’ |
|
Improve
education so that all Germans can get a job |
|
Improve
people’s health by making it law for people to do sport |
|
A
new People’s Army |
|
German
newspapers free of foreign influence |
|
Freedom
of religion |
|
Strong
central government with unrestricted power
|
|
|
What
were the Four principles of Mein
Kampf?
|
National
socialism & loyalty to Germany |
|
Racism;
all races inferior to Aryans |
|
Lebensraum;
living space in Poland & Russia |
|
Strong
government - Obedience to Fuhrer & use of armed force.
|
|
|
Who
were the thugs of the Nazi party who terrorised opponents?
|
Sturmabteilung
- the Stormtroopers (SA)
|
|
|
Which
FIVE groups supplied most supporters of the Nazis?
|
Skilled
workers |
|
Businessmen |
|
Lower
employees (eg shop assistants) |
|
Unskilled
workers |
|
Farmers
|
|
|
Give
FIVE causes
of
the Munich Putsch
|
Weakness
of Weimar republic [ILRI] |
|
Nazi
Party growing - to 55,000 (including SA/ Ludendorff) |
|
Stresemann
called off resistance to the French invasion |
|
Mussolini's example |
|
The
planned Bavarian rebellion was called off |
|
|
Which
right-wing group rebelled in Berlin in 1923?
|
Black
Reichswehr
|
|
|
What
three Bavarian leaders did Hitler try to get to join the Munich Putsch?
|
Kahr,
Lossow, Seisser
|
|
|
List
FOUR results of the Munich Putsch
|
Nazis
defeated - Hitler arrested, imprisoned and forbidden to speak |
|
Hitler
used his trial as a propaganda exercise |
|
Mein
Kampf published |
|
Hitler
began to try to get power by being elected
|
|
|
Suggest
FOUR reasons the Weimar republic survived
|
Freikorps
put down Communist rebellions of 1919-20 |
|
Army
put down Communist revolts of 1923 |
|
Left-wing
strikers defeated the Kapp Putsch in 1920 |
|
Stresemann
brought stable, prosperous government
|
|
|
List
SIX things Stresemann achieved
|
Dawes
Plan 1924 |
|
Controlled
inflation |
|
Got
the French to leave the Ruhr |
|
Germany
joined the League of Nations |
|
Economic
growth |
|
Reforms
made life better for ordinary people
|
|
|
For
what were the following famous: Gropius, Marlene Dietrich, Otto Dix and Erich Maria
Remarque?
|
Gropius
- architect (founder of the Bauhaus school of art & architecture) |
|
Marlene
Dietrich - singer/ filmstar |
|
Otto
Dix - painted horrific pictures of trenches |
|
Erich
Maria Remarque - wrote All Quiet on the Western Front
|
|
|
What
modern film was set in 1930 Berlin?
|
Cabaret
|
|
|
Explain
FIVE ways Hitler reorganised the Nazi Party, 1924–1928.
|
Set
a fanatical personal bodyguard, the SS |
|
Took over other right-wing parties |
|
Set
up Hitler Youth |
|
Josef
Goebbels developed propaganda |
|
Gained
the support of wealthy businessmen |
|
|
How
did Hitler appeal to German businessmen?
|
They saw him as a safeguard against
Communism |
|
|
Name
FOUR German firms or individuals who financed Hitler.
|
Fritz
von Thyssen (steel) |
|
Alfred
Krupp (steel) |
|
IG
Faben (chemicals) |
|
Opel
|
|
|
Name
TWO non-German firms or individuals who financed Hitler.
|
Henry
Ford (Ford cars) |
|
Irenee
du Pont (General Motors)
|
|
|
Who
drew the Nazi posters?
|
Hans
Schweitzer - 'Mjolnir'
|
|
|
What
were the NINE reasons Hitler came to power in 1933
|
Long-term
bitterness about Versailles |
|
Ineffective
Constitution of Weimar Republic |
|
Money
from rich businessmen |
|
Propaganda
machine |
|
Programme
which offered something to everyone |
|
Attacks
on opponents by SA |
|
Personal
qualities - especially speaking ability |
|
Economic
Depression |
|
Recruited
by Hindenburg
|
|
|
How
many unemployed were there in Germany in 1928 and in 1932?
|
2
million in 1928; 6 million in 1932
|
|
|
How
many seats did the Nazi party have in the Reichstag in 1928 and in 1933?
|
12
in 1928; 288 in 1933
|
|
|
Suggest
FOUR personal qualities which helped Hitler come to power.
|
Brilliant
speaker |
|
Powerful
eyes |
|
Good
organiser |
|
Driven
determination
|
|
|
What
caused the economic depression in 1929?
|
Wall
Street Crash caused American banks to call in loans
|
|
|
Who
was Chancellor in 1932?
|
von
Papen
|
|
|
Who
was President in 1932?
|
Hindenburg
|
|
|
What
date did Hitler become Chancellor?
|
30
January 1933 |
|
Test
your Understanding
there is an add-on